托福阅读题六选三怎么给分

托福阅读六选三的题型其考察初衷是要求我们在阅读结束应该在头脑中形成一个文章的整体框架，涵盖整篇文章的主要观点和信息。这就要求我们在阅读的时候，把主要观点和关键信息记录下来同时梳理信息之间的关系，便于我们在读完文章后梳理文章脉络。

托福阅读六选三题目的英文是Prose Summary，即文章小结题，因此我们找到选项一定要具有概括性，要么就能概括整段，要么就多概括几段甚至全篇，本来印刷成本就够高的了，还整那么多修饰或者具体到不能再具体的点吗?因此修饰成分、具体举例成分就是这个题目的弱点所在。之后我们就要了解一下这种题目的弱点和硬伤了。6个选项传达很多信息了，当你把这些信息汇总之后，你就会发现共性是一直都在的，只是我们没有挖掘出来，一旦将共性找出，题目的难度便会瞬间降低。那么共性在哪里呢?很简单，错误选项的设置以及错误选项的特点。因此接下来，和大家share一下哪些选项我们可以从一上来就列为错误选项范畴~~

首先，我们先看一下TPO19-1，罗马军队这一篇的最后一题的C和D

C：By recruiting unemployed young men for its auxiliary units， the armymade it possible for them to stay in their hometowns and provide financialsupport for their families.

D：The forts contributedto the quality of local crafts by bringing in artisans from distant places whobrought with them new skills and techniques.

重要的部分我已经用红色标出，不难发现，这两个红色部分就是一样一样一样滴呀，都是by带的一大坨，而大家想想看，by这个词是干什么的呢?修饰!修饰的东西一般都不可能是正确答案，理由很简单，ETS的印刷费是要钱的，既然给你印出了这么多修饰，那么就一定要达到迷惑你的目的呀!所以，如果选项中出现了介词短语引导的一大坨修饰，或者定语从句这种本身就是一大坨修饰的东西，基本可以被pass了。

仍然是这套TPO，我们来看第二篇，Succession， Climax，and Ecosystems，仍然是最后一题，我们一起来看A选项

A：Areas that arerecovering from serious disturbances like volcanic eruptions and heavy floodsprovided special opportunities to observe the development of plant communities.

好吧，that引导了一个巨长无比的定语从句，所以就直接pass吧。亲们，还是那句话，最后一题考的是总结，本来选项长度就是很有限的，写那么多修饰是要闹哪样啊!必须是错误选项来迷惑人的呀，直接删掉。

我们再看一下TPO11-3，Begging by Nesting，其中的C选项，如下

The success with which songbird nestlings communicate their hungerto their parents is dependent on the frequencies of the nestlings’ beggingcalls.

不难看出，仍让是with which带了一大堆的修饰，当我们看到这一大帮修饰的时候，就义无返顾的把它列为错误选项吧。

相同的例子还有很多，我就不一一赘述了，错误答案其中一个特点就是各种修饰，要不然是定语从句，要不然是分词或者介词，不论如何，看到这种修饰，直接拉黑，正确答案必须具有总结性，短短20几个单词，总结还总结不过来呢，修饰铁定就木有必要啦。

说完修饰成分之后，我们来进入第二个话题，“比较”。众所周知，当比较结构出现在选项中的时候，有80%以上的选项都是错的，除非原文中建立了比较关系。因此，在最后这个题目中，如果选项出现了比较，很简单，just拉黑!我们一起看一些错误答案。

TPO12-1，Which HandDid They Use?

D：Neanderthal skeletonsoften have longer finger bones in the right hand， which is evidence thatthe right hand was stronger. 不仅有比较还有定语从句，长得就违章。

TPO12-2， Transition to Sound in Film

选项F：The arrival of sound film technology in theUnited States forced smaller producers in the motion pictureindustry out of business.

TPO13-1，Childrenand Advertising

F：Very young childrenare particularly influenced by host selling， while slightly older childrenare more readily misled by seemingly rational claims such as “the best”.

通过以上例子我们看出，比较结构的出现确实很是坑爹，看见就杀，别犹豫，除非你选来选去发现只选出来两个选项的话，那咱再看看比较结构是不是在原文出现过。不过选出两个的话已经搞定1分，所以要看投入产出比哦~~

下一个part，数字。其实很容易理解，数字都是细节，总结中出现细节就拉黑。不过要把年代和时间除外，因为有一类文章就是按照时间和年代排列的，所以时间和年代是文章重要的信息，如果划掉，就木有可选的部分啦~~

TPO15-3， Mass Extinction

D：There was aparticularly large mass extinction that occurred around 250 million years agoat the end of the Permian period， whose cause could not be determined.好吧，250出现在了选项中，不是年代也不是时间，就是个二百五，直接杀~~

TPO16-2，Developmentof the Periodic Table

F：In the 1890’s， Ramsayand Lord Rayleigh isolated argon and proposed the existence of a new series ofelements.数字确实出现了，但是别着急杀来杀去的，这个1890是个年代，所以是重要信息，不能杀啊!!!

接下来，就是举例性质内容，举例要分大和小，比如OG上一篇opportunist那篇文章，最后一大段说的就是OAK这个东西，是举例没错但是是个大例子，一大段那么多，因此最终选择的时候我们也不能删掉的。那么什么是小举例呢，看看TPO21的geothermal energy那篇吧，最后一题的D选项说到一个experiment，好吧，木有看到呀，杀掉，太细节的东西了。但是如果总结性内容为了说得更加透彻，会引入一两个例子，引入的时候用such as，这样的话问题不大，因为主体内容是文章主题，这就没问题。

最后要说的就是每个选项的主体描述对象和文章各段首句的对应。如果读完了文章各段首句，发现木有选项主体描述对象，那就直接杀吧。各段首句可以理解为概括性描述，而最终我们要选择总结性的选项，总结了半天连各段主体都木有提到，那就洗洗睡吧。所以，如果你有记笔记的习惯，那就用笔记卡选项就好了;如果木有笔记，也木有时间，那么就用各段主题句去卡选项，最次的情况就是缩小范围，当然没准卡出来两个你就赚了。

综上所述，除了我们平时通常知道的那些错误选项特点之外，一定要再看看选项是否满足以上所说的几个特点：修饰成为(包括介词、非谓和定从)过长;数字(不包括时间和年代);比较结构;小举例内容;没有包括文章各段主句的描述主体。如果真中了，直接杀掉，缩小选项。所以，如果你运气好，你的6选3很可能是4选3或者3选3哦，然后根据常规方法好好做就好了。因此，两步，一筛一选。

我们最后看一个例子，TPO19-1，罗马军队，以下是六个选项

(A) Although the presence of thearmy in certain areas caused resentment among the local population， it providedimportant services such as building infrastructure.

(B) Though the army appropriatedland and some goods， it also paid for many supplies， stimulating local economicgrowth.

(C) By recruiting unemployedyoung men for its auxiliary units， the army made it possible for them to stayin their home towns and provide financial support for their families.

(D) The forts contributed to thequality of local crafts by bringing in artisans from distant places who broughtwith them new skills and techniques.

(E)Largequantities of cash from soldiers’ pay stimulated development， but also drove upprices， making it hard for local residents to afford goods and services.

(F) Roman soldiers started families with local inhabitants， and overthe generations， the military community became a stable part of Britishsociety.

一个一个来看吧，分析如下：

A选项就有一个such as，而且之前我说过，有such as的可以是对的，因为主体是原文概括性内容就ok，因此A暂时不是错的。

B选项有一个stimulating，分词结构的修饰成分，是对是错不好说，因为这个成分也不长啊。

C选项一上来就一个By，特别好，杀掉。

D选项中第一行的后一半到第二行全是by，而且包含定从，杀。

E选项有个making做分词修饰，和B结构相同，不过木有B那么长，很能是错，不过暂时不做判断。

F选项比较安全，没有我们说过的点。

因此出判断：CD是错的，B和E有一个是对的，AF尚可。再回文章判断B和E就好了，余下的内容就是各自回到各自的定位区间去判断。这样一来6选3变成了4选3，而且你已经选出两个了，那么就很爽了~~

“六选三”的主旨题是托福阅读最后一道大题最常出现的题型之一，即从六个选项中选取三个，加上给出的句子，合成对全文主要观点的概括。正确选项的特征是"the most important ideas in the passage"，是文章的核心信息;反过来说，错误选项除了可能是文章根本没有涉及的信息之外，典型特征之一是过多关注文章细节而不是主要观点。下面我们以两个题目分别来看如何判断主旨信息和细节信息。

例题1：MINERALS AND PLANTS

下面分别是文章每段段首的信息：

Paragraph 1 Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development.

Paragraph 2 Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf issue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant.

Paragraph 3 Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions.

Paragraph 4 While mineral deficiencies can limit the growth of plants, an overabundance of certain minerals can be toxic and can also limit growth.

Paragraph 5 Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyper accumulators, can concentrate minerals at levels a hundredfold or greater than normal.

Paragraph 6 Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals - an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation.

题目：

Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Plants need to absorb certain minerals from the soil in adequate quantities for normal growth and development.

1. Some plants are able to accumulate extremely high levels of certain minerals and thus can be used to clean up soils contaminated with toxic levels of these minerals.

2. Though beneficial with lower levels, high levels of salts, other minerals, and heavy metals can be harmful to plants.

3. When plants do not absorb sufficient amounts of essential minerals, characteristic abnormalities result.

4. Because high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts limit growth in most plants, much research has been done in an effort to develop salt-tolerant agricultural crops.

5. Some plants can tolerate comparatively low levels of certain minerals, but such plants are of little use for recycling nutrients back into depleted soils.

6. Mineral deficiencies in many plants can be cured by misting their roots with a nutrient solution or by transferring the plants to a soilless nutrient solution.

正确选项是123。不难发现，选项1对应第5和6段;选项2对应第4段;选项3对应第2段。这是因为，所谓的文章主要信息，其实就是某一段或几段的主旨信息。因此，如果有的选项不确定，可以回到文中把每段的主旨信息找到，作为判断的依据。

除了选出正确选项外，还要擅长排除错误选项。常见的错误选项是文章提到的细节信息。那么细节信息的特征是什么?先看例子。

例题2：APPLIED ARTS AND FINE ARTS

题目：

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

This passage discusses fundamental differences between applied-art objects and fine-art objects.

Answer Choices

○Applied-art objects fulfill functions, such as containing or sheltering, and objects with the same function have similar characteristics because they are constrained by their purpose.

○It is easy to recognize that Shang Dynasty vases are different from Inca vases.

○Fine-art objects are not functional, so they are limited only by the properties of the materials used.

○Renaissance sculptors learned to use iron braces to strengthen the internal structures of bronze statues.

○In the twentieth century, fine artists and applied artists became more similar to one another in their attitudes toward their materials.

○In all periods, fine artists tend to challenge the physical limitations of their materials while applied artists tend to cooperate with the physical properties of their materials.

错误选项为245.它们共同的特点是：细节信息，具体体现在：选项2里的Shang Dynasty vases, 选项4的Renaissance sculptors, 选项5里的in the twentieth century和similar。这些细节信息的具体特征是：人名、地名、数字、年代等等。尤其当这些信息出现在句子主干处时，要格外当心!

托福阅读真题练习：雕塑的文本+题目+答案

托福阅读文本：

The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, while others caved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads. Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as "sculptors" in today's use of the word.

On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian image of King George III that was created in New York in 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years later.A few marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations were produced in England and brought to the colonies to be set in the walls of churches — as in King's Chapel in Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling, casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to choose — either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of European sculptors.

The eighteenth century was not one in which powered sculptural conceptions were developed.

Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans — originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers — attacked the medium from which they sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.

托福阅读题目：

1. What is the main idea of the passage ?

(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans.

(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770's.

(C) Many foreign sculptors worked in the United States after 1776.

(D)American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials.

2. The word "motifs" in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) tools

(B) prints

(C) signatures

(D) designs

3. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds?

(A) European sculptors

(B) Carpenters

(C) Stone carves

(D) Cabinetmakers

4. The word "others" in line 6 refers to

(A) craftspeople

(B) decorations

(C) ornamentations

(D) shop signs

5. The word "distinct" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) separate

(B) assembled

(C) notable

(D) inferior

6. The word "rare" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) festive

(B) infrequent

(C) delightful

(D) unexpected

7. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13?

(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States.

(B) He was well known for his wood carvings

(C) He produced sculpture for churches.

(D) He settled in the United States in 1776.

8. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England?

(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import

(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States.

(C) Such sculpture was as prestigious as those made locally.

(D) The materials found abroad were superior.

9. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors?

(A) It was less time-consuming

(B) It was more dangerous.

(C) It was more expensive.

(D) It was less refined.

托福阅读答案：

BDCAABABD