垃圾食品（Junk Foods），是指仅仅提供一些热量，别无其他营养素的食物，或是提供超过人体需要，变成多余成分的食品。包括冷冻甜品、饼干类食品、火腿、罐头等。垃圾食品是指含人体所需营养成分，经过炸、烤、烧等加工工艺使营养成分部分或完全丧失，或在加工过程中添加、生成或长期过量食用在人体内产生有害物质滞留的食品。如含苯并吡的油炸类食品、含亚硝酸盐的熏制类食品以及易造成水钠潴留的腌渍类食品等等。那么，垃圾食品英文怎么写呢？
Realize Junk Foods and Their Bad Effects
认识垃圾食品及其坏处
Junk food is an informal term applied to some foods that are perceived to have little or no nutritional value (i.e. containing “empty calories”); to products with nutritional value, but also have ingredients considered unhealthy when regularly eaten; or to those considered unhealthy to consume at all.
Junk foods are typically ready-to-eat convenient foods containing high levels of
saturated fats, salt, or sugar, and little or no fruit, vegetables, or dietary fiber; and are considered to have little or no health benefits. Common junk foods include salted snack foods like chips (crisps), candy, gum, most sweet desserts, fried fast food and carbonated beverages (sodas) as well as alcoholic beverages. High-sugar cereals, particularly those targeted at children, such as Froot Loops, are also classified as junk food.
A study by Paul Johnson and Paul Kenny at The Scripps Research Institute suggested that junk food consumption alters brain activity in a manner similar to addictive drugs like cocaine or heroin. After many weeks on a junk food diet, the pleasure centers of rat brains became desensitized, requiring more food for pleasure. After the junk food was taken away and replaced with a healthy diet, the rats starved for two weeks instead of eating nutritious fare.A 2007 British journal of nutrition study found that mothers who eat junk food during pregnancy increased the likelihood of unhealthy eating habits in their children.
A report published in the journal of the federation of American societies for experimental biology suggests that babies of mothers with a high-sugar and high-fat diet while pregnant are more prone to junk food themselves. The study was conducted on rats and suggests that “infants whose mothers eat excessive amounts of high-fat, high-sugar junk foods when pregnant or breastfeeding are likely to have a greater preference for these foods later in life”.
油炸食品热量高，含有较高的油脂和氧化物质，经常进食易导致肥胖，是导致高脂血症和冠心病的最危险食品。不论是水果类罐头还是肉类罐头，其中的营养素都遭到大量的破坏。腌制食品会使经常进食腌制食品者肾脏的负担加重，发生高血压的风险增高。加工的肉类食品（火腿肠等）可能有导致癌症的潜在风险。常吃奶油类制品可导致体重增加，甚至出现血糖和血脂升高。方便面对心血管有相当大的负面影响。烧烤类食品含有强致癌物质三苯四丙吡。冷冻甜点因含有较高的奶油，易导致肥胖。
