不定式是一种非限定动词,通常由"to+动词原形"构成,不定式(短语)在句中起相当于名词、形容词或副词的作用,下面小编告诉你
英语动词不定式的用法，大家一起来看看吧!
英语动词不定式的用法：
1.用作主语。例如:
(1)To make you understand him completely is impossible.让你们完全了解他是不可能的。
(2)To run machines needs power.开动机器需要动力。
(3)To remember to switch off the electricity is important.重要的是要记住关掉电源。
To live is to function.That is all there is in living.(Holmes)活着就要发挥作用,这就是生活的全部真谛。
To live of money is the root of all evil.(R.L.Stevenson)迷恋金钱是一切罪恶的根源。
To be ignorant of one's ignorance is the malady of the ignorant.
(A.B.Alcott)不知道自己的无知,是无知者的可悲之处。
To spread knowledge is to spread happiness.(Alfred Nobel)传播知识就是播种幸福。
不定式、特别是不定式短语作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,往往把主语放在句子末尾,而在它原来的位置上加上引导词it作形式上的主语。现代英语倾向于采用这种结构,尤其是当主语较长或谓语动词是被动语态或谓语动词不是系动词时,更是如此。而当句子是疑问句或感叹句时,也必须用这种结构。例如,上述(1)(2)(3)三个例子可转换为:
(1)It is impossible to make you understand him completely.
(2)It needs power to run machines.
(3)It's important to remember to switch off the electricity.
又如:
It's silly to build a wall around your interests.(Walt Disney)在自己兴趣的周围建起一座墙,是愚蠢的行为。
It is the duty of a scientist to remain curiosity.(A.Einstein)科学家的责任是保持好奇心。
It was an easy matter to ?nd the Count when we entered the opera house.我们走进歌剧场,很容易找到了伯爵。
It's good to have you back safe and sound.你们平平安安回家就好。
It was my privilege to see her out of hers.(W.Faulkner)能参加她的葬礼是我的荣幸。
It was a good thing to work there in the little field beneath the singing larks.(Liam O'Flaherty)在地里干活,倾听着头顶上云雀歌唱,真是乐在其中。
How long will it take you to get there?(疑问句)要花多长时间才能到达那里?
What a joy it was to see her!(感叹句)见到她多么高兴!
在以it为形式主语的句子中,它所代表的真正主语有时用不定式复合结构。不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出。
如果句子中作表语的形容词表示事物的性质,如important,necessary,possible,easy,dif?cult,hard,heavy等,用for引出。例如:
It is impossible for us to get there before lunch.我们午餐前赶到那里是不可能的。
It is necessary for you to learn from others.你必须向别人学习。
It is dif?cult for me to believe that you could so forget yourself and your rearing.我难以相信你会这样忘记你自己和你的教养。
如果句中作表语的形容词表示人的特征、品德或意愿,如kind,honest,careless,lazy,stupid,clever,foolish,silly,sel?sh,polite,bad,generous,cruel,willing,reluctant,deliberate等,则用of引出。例如:
(4)It's very nice of you to be considerate.你真好,想得这么周到。
(5)It's careless of her to notice nothing of it.她很粗心,连这一点也没注意到。
(6)It is foolish of him to meet her again.他很愚蠢,又跟她相会。
【注】"It is+形容词+of sb.to do"句型一般可转换成一个不定式作状语的句子,语义不变;而"It is+形容词+for sb.to do"句型则不可以。例如,上述三个句子可转换为:
(4)You are very nice to be considerate.
(5)She is careless to notice nothing of it.
(6)He is foolish to meet her again.
2.用作表语。例如:
Her wish was to become a teacher.她的愿望是当个教师。
The most dif?cult thing in life is to know yourself.(Thales)人生最难是自知。
To know everything is to know nothing.样样都懂,样样稀松。
There are two tragedies in life.One is not to get your heart's desire.The other is to get it.(G.B.Shaw)人生有两种悲剧:一种是得不到你想要的东西,另一种是得到了你想要的东西。
To enlarge or illustrate this power and effect of love is to set a candle in the sun.(Robert Burton)用笔墨叙述爱情的这种力量和影响,无异于在阳光下点燃一支蜡烛。
What we want is to learn from practice.我们需要的是向实践学习。
带wh-疑问词的不定式短语可作表语。例如:
Our dif?culty is where to ?nd a guide.我们的困难是到哪里去找向导。
用介词for引出不定式的逻辑主语的不定式复合结构,可作表语;这时,句中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如:
This form is for you to ?ll(in).这张表格由你来填写。
A lecture on high-energy physics will be for Professor Bryce to deliver.高能物理
演讲将由布赖斯教授来做。
在用不定式作表语的句子中,系动词除be外,还有seem,happen,appear,get,pretend等。例如:
He seems(appears)to be living in the area.他似乎是住在这个地区。
He appears to have caught cold.他似乎是伤风了。
She pretended not to see him.她装作没看见他。
句中如果主语部分有实义动词do的各种形式,作表语的不定式实际上是do的引申,即表示do所做的内容,这时不定式可省略to。例如:
The least I can do is(to)write to you.我至少能做到的是给你写信。
What the plan does is(to)ensure a fair pension for all.实施这项计划就是保证给所有的人一笔可观的救济金。
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.我现在能做的事就是自己继续进行下去。
中考英语动词不定式用法：
1.做主语
It took 50 years for 100 million people to listen to the radio. (Book5 Revision Module A)
动词不定式做主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，常用结构为：It + be + adj. (+for sb. / of sb。) + to do sth.; It + take + sb. + some time + to do sth。
注意：形式主语结构中如果使用表示人的品质的形容词，如kind, nice, clever等时，应当使用of sb. 的结构。
例如：It is very brave of her (to help Kylie). (Book4 Module 9 Unit 1)
2.做宾语
Jamie Oliver is a young cook who wants to improve school dinners. (Book5 Module 10 Unit 2)
使用不定式做宾语首先要看前边的谓语动词。有些动词后面只能用不定式做宾语，如want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect,would like等。
有些动词后面可以用不定式也可以用动名词做宾语，含义相同，如like, start, begin等;有些动词后面可以用不定式也可以用动名词做宾语，含义不同，如stop, remember, forget, try, regret, mean等。
形式宾语，结构为：主语+谓语(表示内心活动如：find，think等)+it + adj. + to do sth。
例如：I find it difficult to learn maths。
有些动词后加不带to的不定式做宾语，如had better, would rather, would/ could you please, why not,why don’t you等。
复合不定式结构做宾语。
We wouldn’t know what to do, or how to look after ourselves. (Book4 Module 10 Unit 2)
注意：复合不定式结构中，要区别what to do和how to do it。
延伸：有些结构中的to并不是不定式的标志而是介词，后面要加名词，代词或动名词。
其他常用动词短语还有：pay attention to, be/get/become used to，be known to, be/get married to, see to, belong to等。
动名词和动词不定式的用法：
动名词和动词不定式可以做句子主语、宾语或表语。
动名词的形式一般为动词的ing形式;动词不定式一般是在动词前加上to即可。
1.用做主语
To get up early is hard.
Getting up early is hard.
早起很难。
2.用作宾语
I don't like to get up early.
I don't like getting up early.
我不喜欢早起。
2.用作表语
The first thing he does is to get up early.
The first thing he does is getting up early.
他做的第一件事情就是早起。
或许还有人不明白什么叫表语。
表语就是位于系动词之后的、用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征的句子成分。
系动词有很多,最常见的就是be,其他的还有become,seem,appear, look,feel,get等。
动词不定式除了具有上述的语法功能之外,还有许多其他的用法。其中有两个尤为重要。
3.动词不定式做副词
I study hard to get scholarships.
我为了取得奖学金而努力学习。
He had a sleep to relax.
他为了放松一下,睡了一觉。
She keeps running to get home early.
为了回家早一些,她不停地跑。
4.动词不定式做形容词
He has many clothes to wash.
他有很多要洗的衣服。
I don't have any books to read.
我没有要读的书。
You have nothing to do.
你无事可做。
英语语法中的动词用法：
英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式(to do..)，动名词(doing..)，分词(doing ,done..)。
动词可分为三数：单词，短语动词或动词短语。
The English language contains mang phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.
contains是单字动词
Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.
look up是短语动作
The young ought to take care of the old.
take care of 是动词短语
五种形态：原形，第三人称单数形式，过去式，过去分词，现在分词，
系动词(联系动词)，作为系动词有些不具词义，有些具有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须跟表语(补语)，构成系表结构说明主语的状况，性质，特征情况
状态系动词：表示主语状态，只有be一词:
如：He is a teacher . is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。
持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，keep,remain ,stay .
如：He always kept silent at meeting
感官系动词，feel ,smell, sound , taste
如：This flower smells very sweet .
表像系动词，seem, appear ,look ..
如：He looks tired
